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Thursday, October 31, 2019

Techmeme October 31, 2019

Dorsey's political ad ban is a worthy dare to all social networks, which have become hostage to abuse and manipulation with their growth-at-all-costs mentality (Kara Swisher/New York Times)

Kara Swisher / New York Times:
Dorsey's political ad ban is a worthy dare to all social networks, which have become hostage to abuse and manipulation with their growth-at-all-costs mentality — Twitter will no longer allow political advertising, a move that places Twitter and Jack Dorsey in stark contrast to Facebook and Mark Zuckerberg.

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tech October 31, 2019

The Xerox Phaser 6022/NI wireless color laser printer is now just $70 - CNET

You can snag this printer for about what it might cost to replace the ink in your current printer.

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Techmeme October 31, 2019

Tim Cook says Apple Pay transactions more than doubled YoY to 3B+ transactions in Q4, exceeding PayPal's volume and growing 4x faster (Chance Miller/9to5Mac)

Chance Miller / 9to5Mac:
Tim Cook says Apple Pay transactions more than doubled YoY to 3B+ transactions in Q4, exceeding PayPal's volume and growing 4x faster — Apple Pay has been growing at a brisk pace recently, and Tim Cook is making a point to emphasize that fact. During Apple's Q4 2019 earnings call today …

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Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Techmeme October 30, 2019

After CA passed AB5, a driver group launches a ballot measure to keep gig workers classified as contractors; Uber, Lyft, and DoorDash pledged $90M to defeat AB5 (Megan Rose Dickey/TechCrunch)

Peter Kafka / Vox:
HBO Max to launch in May and cost $15 a month, same as the existing HBO; AT&T plans to bundle free subscriptions for some customers of its other services — HBO Max will have plenty of competitors, including Netflix and Apple and Disney's new streaming services.

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tech October 30, 2019

Man is running for California governor's office so he can place false Facebook ads - CNET

His goal is to end politicians' exemption from false-ad rules.

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tech October 30, 2019

HBO Game of Thrones prequel House of the Dragon gets green light - CNET

One prequel, focused on the heyday of the dragon-riding Targaryens, will go straight to series. Another, set in the earliest years of White Walkers, appears dead.

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Natasha Lomas / TechCrunch:
Report analyzing 800 Facebook posts about the Assam region in North India finds 26.5% constituted hate speech, and were shared 99K+ times with 5.4M views — A report by campaign group Avaaz examining how Facebook's platform is being used to spread hate speech in the Assam region …

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tech October 29, 2019

Google's Search for Sales in Cloud, Hardware Clip Alphabet Profit

Google parent Alphabet reported quarterly results on Monday that show costs continue to rise faster than revenue as the Web search leader seeks to broaden its business.

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tech October 29, 2019

Game of Thrones writers are no longer working on a Star Wars trilogy - CNET

David Benioff and D.B. Weiss have walked from Star Wars.

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Techmeme October 29, 2019

Following Xi Jinping's speech urging adoption of blockchain tech, the CPC releases a decentralized app for members to attest their loyalty on a blockchain (Wolfie Zhao/CoinDesk)

Wolfie Zhao / CoinDesk:
Following Xi Jinping's speech urging adoption of blockchain tech, the CPC releases a decentralized app for members to attest their loyalty on a blockchain — China's Communist Party (CPC) is taking its leader's support for blockchain to heart. — Following Xi Jinping's bombshell speech …

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tech October 29, 2019

Microsoft Relaunches Xbox All Access for $20/Month

Microsoft has relaunched its Xbox All Access subscription offering. Xbox All Access lets you buy an Xbox One console in increments over the course of two years. And while you’re paying it off you’ll also have access to Xbox Pass Ultimate.

In August 2018, Microsoft launched Xbox All Access. This enabled gamers who didn’t have the necessary funds to buy an Xbox One outright the chance to purchase one in instalments. Now, Xbox All Access is back, and with a next-gen sweetener added.

What Do You Get With Xbox All Access?

Microsoft revealed the new-look Xbox All Access in a post on Xbox Wire. Xbox All Access gets you an Xbox One console, an Xbox Wireless Controller, and a 24-month membership to Xbox Pass Ultimate (which combines Xbox Live Gold and Xbox Game Pass).

You pay over the course of two years, with the cost depending on which flavor of Xbox One you choose and which country you’re in. In the US, Xbox All Access starts at $19.99/month for the Xbox One S. The program is also available in the UK and Australia.

Introducing Xbox All Access. A new way to purchase an Xbox One without having to pay the total cost at once and still have the ability to upgrade ?

? Similar to how you sign up for a phone contract
? No upfront cost
? Xbox Game Pass included
? Upgrade to Project Scarlett pic.twitter.com/rN5L8ObIC8

— Samuel Bateman (@samuelofc) October 28, 2019

Microsoft has relaunched Xbox All Access at a time when most people have one eye on the next generation of consoles. Which is why the company has included the option to upgrade to Project Scarlett once it launches in Holiday 2020.

You can join the program by visiting a participating retailer. Which in the US is exclusively Amazon. If you’re approved for the financing you’re good to go. Xbox All Access is available from Oct. 29 (Australia), Nov. 5 (UK), and Nov. 18 (US).

Looking Forward to Project Scarlett

If you run the numbers then this is a pretty sweet deal. You’ll actually save money compared to buying a console outright and paying for Xbox Pass Ultimate for the next two years. And you’ll have the chance to upgrade to Project Scarlett.

At the time of writing we don’t know much about Project Scarlett. Except that it’s Microsoft’s next-gen console launching in Holiday 2020. However, Sony has shown its hand earlier, and here’s everything you need to know about the PlayStation 5.

Read the full article: Microsoft Relaunches Xbox All Access for $20/Month

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tech October 29, 2019

How Credit Card Fraud Works and How to Stay Safe

It’s common knowledge to keep your credit card safe from fraud, but how does it work? How do hackers get your card details in the first place?

Let’s explore how scammers do credit card frauds, and how you can stay safe.

How Hackers Get Your Credit Card Number

For a scammer to do credit card frauds, they first need all the necessary details. There are several ways they can get these details, and they range from the very basic to the more technologically complex.

Getting Details via Phishing

Phishing is an old strategy that is still effective today. The scammer gets in touch with you via phone or email, usually posing as your credit card issuer. From here, they can talk you into giving them your credit card information.

It sounds like something you’d be able to spot right away, but some phishers are very skilled. This is very similar to the tactic that was used in the British phone-hacking scandal a couple of years ago. Thankfully, you can learn how to spot a phishing email, so be sure to study up before you become a victim!

Gleaning Details From Database Leaks

Scammers also get credit card details from online data breaches. Hackers have successfully breached big-names like Target, Home Depot, and the PlayStation Network in the past. These companies tend to have saved payment information listed under each customer, which scammers can use for fraud.

The numbers stolen from those sites often end up on “carding” shops, where people go to buy stolen credit card numbers for use online. ZDNet mentions how some accounts sell for as little as $5 on the dark web. This makes it easy for thieves to buy hundreds of cards at a time, potentially including yours.

Monitoring Your Inputs With Keyloggers

If a hacker manages to get a keylogger or another type of malware installed on your computer, they could quickly steal your credit card information when you use it for online shopping. The silent nature of keyloggers makes them particularly nasty, so be sure to protect yourself against keyloggers as much as possible.

Forging Payments Using NFC Skimming

Someone paying for goods using the NFC on a credit card. — Image Credit: AllaSerebrina/DepositPhotos

These days, credit cards have NFC scanning built-in. NFC is also known as “contactless,” and it’s when you place the card up against the payment terminal to buy something.

Scammers can use devices that act like these payment terminals. When they pass close by to someone with a credit card in their pocket, the skimmer makes a fraudulent payment to the card. The victim may not even realize this has happened until they notice odd fees on their statement.

How Scammers Use Your Credit Card

Once a thief has your credit card, the hardest part is complete. Now all they need to do is use it or sell it on. The credit fraud they choose depends on their ulterior motive behind why they stole the details in the first place.

Making Contactless Payments

Contactless payments with cards don’t require PINs or signatures, so they’re perfect for credit card thieves. Even though the limits for contactless payments are rather small, they add up quickly. Online payments don’t require PINs or signatures ether, so going on an Amazon shopping spree with a stolen card is remarkably easy.

Fortunately, there are constraints for the scammer. The upper limit of a credit card will stop them from spending too much. On top of this, credit cards typically allow a set amount of contactless payments before it asks for a PIN. These restrictions mean the scammer can perform only a small shopping spree before they’re locked out without a PIN.

Selling the Card Online

If the hacker doesn’t want to “dirty their hands” with a stolen credit card, they sell the details online. These credit card markets thrive on the dark web, where all kinds of identifying information is up for sale. Sellers need to keep their practices under wraps to protect their business from law enforcement, and the dark web gives them the protection they need to operate.

Buying and Flipping Goods

A range of different gift cards. — Image Credit: dennizn/DepositPhotos

If the hacker has enough information to make large purchases with the cards, they can buy goods and sell them on the black market. This is safer for them, as it hides their tracks better than if they transferred money directly into their bank account.

Scammers will typically buy gift cards. They can then sell these cards on the black market for less than face value. For instance, a $100 gift card will sell for $60. This makes them highly desirable for buyers and gives the scammer a way to wash their hands of the evidence.

How to Protect Yourself From Credit Card Fraud

There’s a lot a scammer can do with a credit card. As such, it’s important to keep yours secure. By following a few guidelines, you can decrease the chances you’ll encounter credit card fraud.

Don’t Share Credit Card Information Freely

First, don’t share your card information over the phone or in an email. Credit card companies, banks, and stores won’t randomly ask for your credit card information. If someone asks for them out of the blue, exercise extreme caution. If you need to share your information over the phone, be sure that no one is around to overhear you.

Keep Track of Data Breaches

Second, pay attention to online security news. If a service you use suffers a database breach and leaks payment information, contact your bank immediately.

You could wait to see if you get any suspicious charges on your account before alerting your bank, but this is risky. For example, ABC News reported on how the Bank of America fraud department can be hard to convince that a scam occurred in the first place. Waiting for fraud to happen may result in lost money that you have to wrestle back.

Protect Your Card’s RFID

Third, consider buying an RFID-blocking wallet, so your card is protected while it’s in your pocket. By blocking RFID signals, the wallet prevents any device from reading the information on your card until you take it out to use it.

Double-Check Payment Points

Fourth, be careful with where you insert your credit card. Scammers can operate at ATMs, pay-at-the-pump gas stations, small stores, and restaurants. If the payment terminal looks weird somehow, use another method to pay. Make cash withdrawals from within your bank, pay at the counter when you buy gas, and don’t let your card out of your sight.

Keep Tabs on Your Records

Finally, make sure to monitor your credit card statements, bank statements, and credit reports. The earlier you catch a potentially fraudulent transaction, the better. These days, you can get a credit report for free without harming your score. This makes it easier to spot any weird purchases and quickly report them.

Staying Safe With Payment Cards

Credit cards are a hot commodity for scammers. From small NFC skims to large-scale gift card selling, there are multiple ways they can make use of your details. Keep them safe to avoid headaches in the future!

You now know not to trust a phishing call, but can you trust your browser with your credit card information?

Read the full article: How Credit Card Fraud Works and How to Stay Safe

California, 22 other states and several other car companies will stand in opposition.

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Techmeme October 29, 2019

Microsoft says Strontium, also known as Fancy Bear/APT28, hackers are targeting 16 global sporting and anti-doping organizations ahead of 2020 Olympic Games (Catalin Cimpanu/ZDNet)

Catalin Cimpanu / ZDNet:
Microsoft says Strontium, also known as Fancy Bear/APT28, hackers are targeting 16 global sporting and anti-doping organizations ahead of 2020 Olympic Games — Microsoft said APT28 targeted “at least 16 national and international sporting and anti-doping organizations.”

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tech October 29, 2019

Vaping: The deaths, illnesses and controversies as deaths climb past 30 - CNET

Get up to date on the acute issues tied to vaping.

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tech October 29, 2019

Internet 'father' Vint Cerf on future challenges ahead for the web

As the Internet marks 50 years, its co-founder Vint Cerf, tells of his concerns for the future.

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tech October 29, 2019

Embiggen your monitor: This 27-inch HD display is just $115 - CNET

Sceptre's 27-inch HD computer monitor has built-in speakers and a slew of inputs.

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tech October 29, 2019

US might extend some tariff exclusions on Chinese imports - CNET

The US Trade Representative will consider extending certain exclusions for up to one year.

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tech October 29, 2019

Why passwords don't work, and what will replace them

Passwords can be insecure, easy to lose and easier to forget, so can new tech protect us?

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Monday, October 28, 2019

tech October 28, 2019

Redmi 8 to Go on Sale Today via Flipkart, Mi.com, Mi Home Stores: Price, Offers, Specifications

Redmi 8 is all set go on sale once again via Flipkart, Mi.com, and Mi Home Stores today. Redmi 8 price is set at Rs. 7,999 for the 4GB RAM variant, as a part of a promotional offer.

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Techmeme October 28, 2019

Sources: after SEC injunction, Telegram Open Network ICO investors extended the deadline for the TON token launch from the end of October to April 30 (CoinDesk)

Why do gay apps struggle to stop catfish?

Gay dating app Hornet says it will use algorithms to tackle fake profiles and fraudsters.

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Huawei Band 4 price is set at CNY 199 (roughly Rs. 2,000) in China, and it will go on sale in the country from November 1.

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Greg Bensinger / Washington Post:
In leaked video, Sundar Pichai admits at an all-hands that Google is “genuinely struggling” with employee trust as it defends the hiring of former DHS official — At company's weekly town hall with employees, executives assail leaks and defend hiring DHS official

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Techmeme October 26, 2019

Profile of Vijay Shekhar Sharma, founder of Indian digital payments company Paytm, which hit a $15B valuation in less than a decade, and now plans to go global (Rishi Iyengar/CNN)

Rishi Iyengar / CNN:
Profile of Vijay Shekhar Sharma, founder of Indian digital payments company Paytm, which hit a $15B valuation in less than a decade, and now plans to go global — To say that Vijay Shekhar Sharma is ambitious is an understatement. The founder of Paytm, India's largest digital payments company …

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tech October 26, 2019

Will.i.am's smart home plans might be fizzling as Wink funds reportedly dwindle - CNET

A report suggests a stalled deal in Dubai could topple the Black Eyed Peas frontman's tech enterprise.

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tech October 26, 2019

Godzilla or King Kong? Movie monsters, ranked by who would win in a fight - CNET

Happy Halloween! We've tallied your votes, and here are the monsters that would slay in a battle of the beasts.

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tech October 26, 2019

Drop yourself into the animated introduction for HBO's Silicon Valley - CNET

A fun little name generator lets you play around with the show's ever-changing title sequence.

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tech October 26, 2019

Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile and Sprint partner to make text messaging as smart as iMessage - CNET

The carriers are working together on a messaging standard called RCS.

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tech October 26, 2019

Tesla's Solar Roof V3 is here, but will you want one for your house? - Roadshow

How does Elon's techno-roof compare with more traditional roofing systems in cost and durability?

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tech October 25, 2019

Xech A8 Voice Assist Headphones Review

There are plenty of headphones optimised for sound quality, but the Xech A8 focuses on support for various voice assistants.

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tech October 25, 2019

WD My Passport Go SSD Review

WD My Passport SSD promises convenience, versatility, and reliability, but do those attributes come at the cost of performance?

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Techmeme October 25, 2019

Jack Dorsey criticizes Mark Zuckerberg's free speech comments, says there wasn't any talk of reach and amplification and his Iraq War mention was not authentic (Sarah Frier/Bloomberg)

Sarah Frier / Bloomberg:
Jack Dorsey criticizes Mark Zuckerberg's free speech comments, says there wasn't any talk of reach and amplification and his Iraq War mention was not authentic — Twitter Inc. Chief Executive Officer Jack Dorsey called out his counterpart at Facebook Inc., saying Mark Zuckerberg has a …

Twitter probably won't be joining the Libra Association.

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Ryan Gallagher / Bloomberg:
Google employees accuse the company of making an internal tool to monitor attempts to organize meetings; Google says it's only to prevent calendar spam — - Company says it's an effort to curb calendar, meeting spam — Allegation underscores tensions between employees, leadership

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tech October 24, 2019

Take a look at Google's quantum computing technology - CNET

Google showed off the inside of its quantum computing lab -- and the insides of its five massive quantum computers inside.

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tech October 24, 2019

Lexus LF-30 Electrified concept debuts with in-wheel motors, in-trunk drone - Roadshow

It's got edgy style, a fully electric powertrain and a little flying worker bot hidden in the back. This is Lexus' vision for the future.

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tech October 24, 2019

New Subaru Levorg debuts in Tokyo, here's what it means for the US - Roadshow

While the Levorg itself won't be sold Stateside, expect to see parts of it on future Subaru products.

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tech October 24, 2019

Mazda MX-30 debuts in Japan as the brand's first production EV - Roadshow

And it's even got suicide doors.

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tech October 24, 2019

Tesla's Model Y is coming sooner than expected, but will people embrace it? - Roadshow

The Model 3-based crossover is going to hit production some six months sooner than expected, but we'll have to see if it'll live up to the hype of its progenitor.

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Well, not the real Middle-earth, but the place that stood for it in The Lord of the Rings films could get a 17-hour flight from Newark's airport in New Jersey.

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Adobe has launched a new Alexa Skill it hopes will help boost your creativity. It’s called the Adobe Inspiration Engine, and it delivers inspirational quotes and creative exercises designed to get your creative juices flowing when the tap seems to be stuck.

When Your Creative Juices Stop Flowing…

Creative block can hit the best of us. Whether you’re a writer, an artist, a photographer, or a designer, there are times when your creative juices stop flowing. This can be upsetting, especially if you have no idea when they’ll start flowing again.

There are various techniques to boost your creativity. Whether it’s taking a break, drinking some coffee, or using these creative block-breaking apps. But now you have another option thanks to Adobe’s new Alexa Skill called the Adobe Inspiration Engine.

How to Use the Adobe Inspiration Engine

Adobe unveiled the Adobe Inspiration Engine on The Adobe Blog. The Adobe Inspiration Engine sprang from the company’s desire to “empower people to realize their creative potential”. Its products offer practical solutions, but this could play a supporting role.

The Adobe Inspiration Engine comprises three components: Insightful quotes from creatives such as Jessica Walsh and Pascal Campion, creative exercises voiced by Calob Castellon and Elise Swopes, and a creative quiz to help you understand your own mind.

how to enable and use Adobe Inspiration Engine

To enable the Adobe Inspiration Engine from the Amazon Alexa Skill store, just say, “Alexa, enable the Adobe Inspiration Engine.” Then, when you need to get a hit of inspiration to boost your creativity, say, “Alexa, open the Adobe Inspiration Engine”.

The Adobe Inspiration Engine is available right now for free in the US, the UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. You can use it with any Alexa-enabled device, including the Echo Show, or the Alexa app on your smartphone or tablet.

The Best Amazon Alexa Skills Worth Using

There are thousands of Alexa Skills available to download beyond the Adobe Inspiration Engine. Some free, some paid, some good, some bad. To help you sort the wheat from the chaff, we’ve compiled a list of the best free Alexa Skills for Amazon Echo owners.

Read the full article: Adobe’s Inspiration Engine Could Boost Your Creativity

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tech October 22, 2019

The Best Plex Clients for Streaming Media

Plex has cemented itself as the best software for managing your media library, streaming content to the various screens in your home, and watching your videos remotely when you’re on-the-go.

To run Plex, you need two things—a server and a client. The server is responsible for hosting your content and sending it to other screens; the client is the app that allows you to access and watch your media on those screens.

So, which devices are the best Plex clients for streaming media? Let’s take a closer look.

1. Nvidia Shield

Nvidia Shield Nvidia Shield Buy Now On Amazon $188.99

The Nvidia Shield is the best Plex client that money can buy. It’s blazingly fast, packed with best-in-class hardware, and can handle any task you throw at it.

The device is a set-top box. You need to connect it to your TV using an HDMI cable. The box runs Android TV, supports 4K video at 60 frames per second (FPS), and offers Dolby Atmos audio. Under the hood, the Nvidia Shield has an Nvidia Tegra X1 processor, 16GB of storage, 3GB of RAM, and a 256-core GPU.

It also comes with Google Assistant and Alexa compatibility. And if the 16GB isn’t enough for your needs, you can use USB storage or an external hard drive by connecting the extra memory to one of the two USB ports.

2. Apple TV 4K

The other premium device you can use as a Plex client is the Apple TV 4K box. Even though it’s more expensive, we recommend the newer 4K version to make sure that you future proof your purchase.

The Apple TV 4K supports Dolby Vision and HDR10 video, and has Dolby Digital surround sound. Inside the device, there’s an A10X Fusion chip with 64-bit architecture. The box is available in 32GB and 64GB versions.

However, an Apple TV box has a few drawbacks compared to Nvidia’s product. Firstly, because it’s made by Apple, it is far less customizable. Secondly, there are no USB ports; you cannot expand the memory with external devices. Finally, it only offers Siri—there’s no Google Assistant or Alexa.

3. Amazon Fire TV Stick 4K

Amazon Fire TV Stick 4K Amazon Fire TV Stick 4K Buy Now On Amazon $49.99

If the Nvidia Shield and Apple TV 4K are out of your price range, you should consider the Amazon Fire TV Stick 4K. It’s the best Plex client for people who are on a budget. Despite the lower price point, however, the Fire TV Stick 4K is still a highly capable streaming device. It supports Dolby Vision and HDR10 video, along with Dolby Atmos audio. The stick comes with 8GB of storage and a quad-core processor.

When setting up a Plex client, it is always preferable to connect your set-top box or streaming stick directly to your modem; you’ll enjoy a faster and more reliable experience. Sadly, unlike the Nvidia and Apple devices, the Amazon Fire TV Stick 4K does not have a built-in ethernet port. You will need to purchase the official Amazon Ethernet Adapter separately. This will add around 30 percent to the overall cost.

4. Raspberry Pi 4

Raspberry Pi 4 Raspberry Pi 4 Buy Now On Amazon $45.46

Another cheap device that can be deployed as a Plex client is the Raspberry Pi 4. Unlike the other three Plex clients we’ve looked at, however, it does not work straight out of the box. It’s a DIY solution that you’ll need to program yourself. If that’s not your cup of tea, you should give it a wide berth.

Although the Raspberry Pi 4 is the latest model, a Raspberry Pi 2 or Raspberry Pi 3 will work just as well. The Pi 4 comes with 1GB, 2GB, or 4GB of RAM, two micro HDMI ports that support 4K, four USB ports, and an ethernet port. It has a 1.5GHz quad-core 64-bit ARM Cortex-A72 CPU.

Keep in mind that the price you see above only covers the cost of the board. You’ll also need to buy a case and a power cable.

5. Roku Ultra

Roku Ultra Roku Ultra Buy Now On Amazon $91.99

The Roku Ultra is a solid mid-range Plex streaming client. It’s more expensive than a Fire TV Stick or Raspberry Pi, but considerably cheaper than the Nvidia Shield and Apple TV.

Roku manufacturers several different set-top boxes. In truth, they are all capable Plex clients. But the Ultra is the company’s best device. It has a quad-core processor and includes both USB and microSD ports for expanded memory. There’s also a voice-controlled remote control (with support for Google Assistant and Alexa) and an ethernet port for faster connections. The Ultra offers 4K playback at 60FPS and supports HDR10 video.

Importantly, Roku has also developed a reputation as being one of the agnostic streaming devices on the market. If you plan to use your device for more than watching Plex, it is a great choice.

6. Xbox One X

Xbox One X Xbox One X Buy Now On Amazon

If you own an Xbox One X, you don’t really need to buy any of the other devices on our list—you already have one of the best Plex clients.

Unlike the basic Xbox One, it supports native 4K video (rather than using upscaling). There’s also voice support and an ethernet connection. Inside the console, you’ll find a 2.3GHz x86 AMD Jaguar eight-core CPU, 12GB of RAM, 1TB of storage, and three USB ports.

7. PlayStation 4

PlayStation 4 PlayStation 4 Buy Now On Amazon $279.95

Similarly, the PlayStation 4 also doubles as a solid Plex client. Remember, though; only the PS4 Pro supports 4K video. If you have an extensive collection of 4K content and only own a regular PS4, you might still want to buy one of the other devices we’ve recommended.

The PS4 has a 1.6GHz 8-core AMD Jaguar CPU, a 1.84 TFLOP AMD Radeon GPU, 8GB of RAM, 500GB or 1TB of storage, and two USB ports. The console is also Bluetooth-compatible. If you go for the Pro instead, you’ll get a 2.1GHz 8-core AMD Jaguar CPU, three USB ports, and 1TB of storage.

8. Your Smart TV

Finally, keep in mind that your smart TV might be able to run Plex. If it has an Android TV or Roku OS, it definitely will. But Plex is also available on some proprietary smart TV operating systems. Check with your manufacturer or in the appropriate app store before you hit the shops and buy one of the other devices with have discussed.

The Best Plex Clients for Your Home

Once you’ve made your decision and bought the best Plex client to suit your needs, there’s still lots more to consider before you’re ready to start streaming.

For example, make sure you’ve also bought one of the best devices to use as a Plex server. It will help you maximize your Plex experience.

Read the full article: The Best Plex Clients for Streaming Media

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tech October 22, 2019

Hard Drive Size Explained: Why 1TB Is Only 931GB of Actual Space

How many times have you opened up a new computer, phone, or external drive, only to be shocked when you realize it doesn’t have as much storage space as it said on the box? That 512GB SSD might actually only hold 477GB, or your 64GB iPhone might only have room for 56GB of files.

There are a few good reasons why this happens. Let’s take a look at why advertised space isn’t usually the same as actual space.

The Operating System and Pre-Installed Apps

The most basic reason that you don’t have all the disk space usable is that there’s already some data present when you buy it. This isn’t the case for removable disks like flash drives or SD cards, but is a major factor with phones and pre-built computers.

When you buy a computer, the operating system (such as Windows or macOS) takes up a large chunk of space. These protected OS files are necessary for the system to run as intended, so there’s no getting around them.

As an example, on my system, the C:\Windows folder takes up 25GB. That’s roughly one tenth of the entire disk space.

Windows Folder Size

However, it’s not just the OS files that take up space out of the box. Most operating systems include extra apps that you may or may not want. This includes everything from Windows 10 bloatware to useful built-in macOS apps like GarageBand.

While they’re not technically part of the OS, they come bundled with it and thus take up room right away. You can usually remove these to regain space; check out our guide to freeing up storage space on Windows 10 for some tips.

How Computers Measure Space

While preinstalled apps are definitely a factor, the biggest reason that you don’t get the full amount of advertised space is because computers measure numbers differently than humans do.

Binary Numbers Explained

Computing uses standard value prefixes, including “kilo” for thousand, “mega” for million, “giga” for billion, “tera” for trillion, and so on. For a primer on these, we’ve looked at how many gigabytes are in a terabyte and more.

People, including hard disk manufacturers, use the decimal system, which measures numbers with a base of 10. Thus, when we say “500 gigabytes,” we mean 500 trillion bytes.

However, computers use the base 2 binary system, where all numbers are either 1 or 0. If you’re not familiar, below is a list of the numbers 1-10 written out in binary:

As you can see, in binary, 2¹ represents the decimal value 1, 2² is equal to 2, 2³ equals 4, 2⁴ is the same as 8, and so on. Each new digit’s place in binary increase the number’s value by one power of two. 2¹⁰, then, equals 1,024.

Binary and Decimal Measuring

Now we know why computers use 1,024 instead of 1,000 to define these common prefixes. To a computer, one kilobyte is 1,024 bytes, not 1,000 bytes as it is to people. This compounds as you move up the scale, so one megabyte is 1,024 kilobytes, and one gigabyte is 1,024 megabytes.

To see how this affects you, say you buy a 250GB external SSD. That disk contains 250,000,000,000 bytes, but the computer doesn’t display it that way.

Working backwards, we can divide by 1,024 three times (once to convert bytes to kilobytes, again to convert kilobytes to megabytes, and a final time to convert megabytes to gigabytes) to see how much space this actually is:

250,000,000,000 / (1,024 * 1,024 * 1,024) = 232,830,643,653 bytes, or 232.83GB

Examining a 250GB drive in Windows shows its maximum space as 232GB, which is exactly what our above calculation found. That’s a difference of about 18GB.

Windows Disk Storage Space

And the larger the disk is, the bigger the difference between measured space and actual space. For example, a 1TB (1,000GB) disk has 931GB of space according to a computer.

Gigabyte vs. Gibibyte

After walking through this, you might wonder why this disparity exists. Why don’t hard drive manufacturers provide an accurate amount of space on their devices? Well, they technically do.

The correct definition of “giga” is a power of 1,000. There’s another name for a power of 1,024: “gibi.” The International Electrotechnical Commission has published standards for measuring data in binary in order to resolve this confusion.

While a kilobyte (KB) represents 1,000 bytes, a kibibyte (KiB) represents 1,024 bytes. It’s the same for mebibytes (MiB), gibibytes (GiB), tebibytes (TiB), and so on.

For some reason, Windows inaccurately uses the “GB” prefix when it’s really measuring in gibibytes. Other operating systems, like macOS, correctly measure 1GB as one billion bytes. Thus, the same 250GB drive connected to a Mac would show it having 250GB of total space.

Note that this is different than the difference between megabytes and megabits, which we’ve also explained.

Additional Disk Partitions

Aside from the above, another potential cause for a reduction in the total amount of space a drive has is additional partitions.

In case you weren’t aware, you can separate physical hard disks into different logical sections, which is known as partitioning. Partitioning a hard drive allows you to install two different operating systems on one disk, among other uses.

When you buy a computer off the shelf, the manufacturer often includes a recovery partition on the disk. This contains data that allows you to reset your system in case of a serious problem. Like any other files, they take up space on the drive. But because recovery partitions are often hidden from standard view, you might know not they’re around.

To view the partitions on your drive in Windows, type disk management into the Start menu and click Create and format hard disk partitions. Here you can see each disk on your system and the partitions that make it up. If you see a label of Restore, Recovery, or similar, that’s your recovery partition.

Windows 10 Disk Management

In most cases, it’s possible to erase these partitions and regain that space. However, it’s usually best to leave them alone. Having them makes recovering your system a lot easier, and the small space gain isn’t worth the hassle of recovering your system manually.

Hidden Features That Also Use Space

Finally, most operating systems contain features that take up space but don’t exist as actual files. For example, Windows’s Shadow Copy service is used to power both the Previous Versions and System Restore functions.

System Restore lets you return to an earlier point in time if your system isn’t working properly, while Previous Versions keeps copies of your personal files so you can undo changes. Both of these need space to work, of course.

To see and change how much space features that rely on Shadow Copy services use, press Win + Pause to quickly open the System Control Panel entry. From here, click System protection on the left side. In the resulting window, select your drive from the list and choose Configure.

You’ll see a new dialog box that allows you to disable system protection entirely (though we don’t recommend this). Below, you’ll see the Current Usage and can adjust the maximum amount that Windows uses. Somewhere around 10 percent is a good amount.

Windows 10 System Protection

Now You Know How Computers Calculate Space

The elements discussed account for the noticeable difference in advertised and actual storage space. While there are some other minor factors, such as special blocks in SSDs, these are the major reasons. Knowing them, it’s wise to plan ahead and make sure you always get the amount of storage you need with new devices.

If you’re low on space, have a look at how to add more storage to your Mac. Most of the advice applies to other platforms, too.

Read the full article: Hard Drive Size Explained: Why 1TB Is Only 931GB of Actual Space

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tech October 22, 2019

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS: Should You Upgrade? 8 Reasons

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS “Bionic Beaver” is the current Long Term Support release of Ubuntu. This makes it the number one choice for anyone considering Ubuntu. Still need convincing? Here’s why you should upgrade to or install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS on your Linux PC or laptop.

Ubuntu 19.10 vs 18.04: What You Need to Know

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (codenamed “Bionic Beaver”) was released in April 2018. As with all Ubuntu releases, the date of release (year and month) is related in the version number.

This is an important version of Linux OS. Every two years a Long Term Support (LTS) release is issued, with five years of support from Canonical. This means you can use Ubuntu 18.04 LTS with support until 2023.

At the time of writing, Ubuntu 19.10 is set for release. However, like other non-LTS releases, Ubuntu 19.10 does not have the same level of support as Ubuntu 18.04. Updates will stop after two years, rather than the five on offer from an LTS.

Keeping this in mind, if you’re wondering if you should upgrade from Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, the answer is “soon”. Support for that LTS release will end in 2021.

In many ways, Ubuntu 18.04 is the core version of the operating system, while Ubuntu 18.10, 19.04, 19.10, and other non-LTS releases can be treated as a mix of interim update and advanced beta.

Want to know more? Here are eight reasons why you should be using Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

1. Security Enhancements

Primarily, you should upgrade your current Ubuntu version regularly in order to benefit from the latest security patches. These might be for the operating system, drivers, or even (in the case of the Meltdown and Spectre bugs) the underlying hardware.

It’s worth pointing out here that this is true of all operating systems, whether Linux-based, Windows, or macOS. Regular updates will improve your computer’s security. This is why Windows XP users are regularly encouraged to upgrade or switch to Linux.

However, there is a potential security concern that you should be aware of. With Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, Canonical intends to collect data from your computer. But there is nothing personally identifiable in this data.

Instead, it is to establish your computer’s hardware components, what version of Ubuntu you’re running, your location (based on your choice when setting up Ubuntu) and a few other things.

This marks a change from Canonical’s previous attitude to this sort of data collection but is understandable given how flakey figures are for Linux usage around the world. Crucially, this data collection can be opted out of; if you’re upgrading from a previous version of Ubuntu, meanwhile, you can also opt in.

2. GNOME Arrives on the LTS Release

Ubuntu GNOME LTS desktop
Perhaps the biggest news of the LTS release is GNOME 3.28. Since GNOME replaced Unity in Ubuntu 17.10 (although Unity isn’t quite dead) GNOME has been the default desktop environment (pictured above on Artful Aardvark).

Of course, you don’t have to go with GNOME. Other Ubuntu desktop environments are available, such as MATE.

GNOME on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS marks the first appearance of the new Unity-esque customized GNOME 3.0 desktop on a long-term support release. And it’s a great reason to upgrade Ubuntu to version 18.04.

3. Ubuntu 18.04’s Brand New Icon Set

Ubuntu GNOME icon set

Despite hopes to the contrary (and a dedicated community project), Ubuntu 18.04 does not boast a fresh new look. However, while the Ambiance theme is hanging around (despite looking a bit tired), some new icons are included in Ubuntu.

Open source icon project Suru has been incorporated into Ubuntu 18.04. These icons were originally seen in the abandoned Ubuntu Touch mobile operating system (now under the control of UBPorts.com).

As noted on the Suru web page (where you can take a look at what’s to come), “Original mobile application icons have been repurposed to theme their GNOME counterparts. Folder and file type icons have been added, based on an unreleased Suru concept. Plus a complete symbolic icon set has been created, with many icons based on the original Suru system icons.”

4. Color Emojis

Ubuntu GNOME smileys and emojis
Sick of Ubuntu leaving you with embarrassing black and white emojis? Upgrading to Ubuntu 18.04 LTS delivers full color emojis to your Ubuntu desktop by default.

You’re stoked, right? I can tell.

The emojis you’ll find in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS are the same open source emojis as found on Android.

5. Ubuntu 18.04 Uses the 4.15 Linux Kernel

Sitting at the heart of every Linux-based operating system is the kernel. This is basically the component of the operating system that talks to the hardware.

As we move away from the release date of Ubuntu 18.04, the v4.15 kernel becomes outdated. To keep things up to date, you might consider updating the Ubuntu Linux kernel.

6. Community-Sourced Default Features and Apps

Take the time on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to review the collection of community sourced features and apps. Announced in April 2017, the call for suggestions has had tremendous results. Look out for improved NVIDIA GPU and touchpad gesture support, as well as BlueZ implementation for improved Bluetooth functionality.

But it doesn’t end there. The Ubuntu community also suggested new apps to be bundled with the operating system. Consequently, Ubuntu 18.04 LTS includes choices such as Mozilla Firefox, LibreOffice, Kdenlive, and GNOME Calendar.

These tools will not be available in the operating system by default, however. Rather, you’ll have the option to install them as you install Ubuntu.

7. Xorg Display Server Returns to Ubuntu 18.04

Ubuntu GNOME login
Prior to 18.04 LTS, Ubuntu had a tough time, losing both Unity and the mobile variant, Ubuntu Touch. One of the biggest sticking points was the switch to the Wayland display server in Ubuntu 17.10.

While it continues to be earmarked as the display server of the future, the lack of app support for Wayland resulted in users switching back to Xorg.

As a result, Ubuntu 18.04 LTS comes with Xorg restored as the default display server. However, it’s simple enough to switch back to Wayland, via a cog icon on the login screen.

8. Long Term Support Means Ubuntu 18.04 Is Reliable

With new versions of Ubuntu released every six months, it’s important to have a stable option. Long Term Support releases only come around every two years, but they’re vital for many.

Whether you’re a student, business, or gamer, an LTS release of Ubuntu brings with it a degree of stability. You can count on this version of Ubuntu in a way that isn’t possible with interim releases. As a result, LTS versions are more popular, and you’ll find plenty of support for the OS online.

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS offers the reliability you’re looking for in an operating system. That’s worth a lot—yet this operating system is completely free.

Great Reasons to Upgrade Ubuntu Today

So, Ubuntu 18.04 LTS is coming, and you have plenty of reasons to upgrade. To recap:

Security enhancements
GNOME on LTS
Brand new icons
Color emojis
New Linux kernel
Community-sourced features
Xorg display server
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS is reliable

Want a better understanding of how this all fits in with Ubuntu? Check our Ubuntu startup guide. And if you’re ready, it may be now time to upgrade to Ubuntu 19.04.

Read the full article: Ubuntu 18.04 LTS: Should You Upgrade? 8 Reasons

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